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2014

9th January 2014 - A community cluster of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus exhibiting cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir in Japan, November to December 2013
Researchers participating in nationwide surveillance for antiviral resistance in Japan have identified seven influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses possessing the H275Y amino acid substitution conferring cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir.  The viruses were identified from 76 that were submitted from 20 local public health institutes in Japan between September and December 2013.  Of the seven resistant viruses, six were detected in Sapporo, the capital city of Hokkaido, the second largest island in Japan.  Gene sequencing of the HA and NA genes of the six viruses has found that they were closely related to one another, suggesting clonal spread of a single resistant virus. The full paper can be accessed at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20666

December 2014

Antiviral resistance

Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2012-2013

99% of circulating viruses (n = 11,387) tested during the 2012-2013 period were sensitive to all four NAIs (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and laninam...read more

 

Characterization of drug-resistant influenza virus A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) variants selected in vitro with laninamivir

Drug-resistant A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) viruses generated under in vitro laninamivir pressure demonstrated a profile of susceptibility that was similar to that of zanamivir…read more

Multiple influenza A (H3N2) mutations conferring resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in a bone marrow transplant recipient

Antiviral resistance including transient R292K, Q136K and sustained E119K (N2 numbering) in neuraminidase (NA) protein emerged during prolonged antiviral therapy in an immunocompromised patient infected with influenza A (H3N2)… read more

Characterization of Drug-Resistant Influenza A(H7N9) Variants Isolated From an Oseltamivir-Treated Patient in Taiwan

Four NA variants of A/Taiwan/1/2013(H7N9) virus containing a single substitution (NA-E119V, NA-I222K, NA-I222R, or NA-R292K) recovered from an oseltamivir-treated patient were tested for NAI susceptibility in vitro and their replicative fitness evaluated in cell culture, mice, and ferrets…read more

Clinical Trials

Biota Provides Update on BARDA Contract for Laninamivir Octanoate

ATLANTA, April 30, 2014 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Biota Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:BOTA) (the "Company") today announced that an interim update has been provided from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) with respect to the Stop-Work Order the Company recently received from BARDA and its pending decision regarding a recent In Process Review (IPR) of its contract to support the development of laninamivir octanoate read more

Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Phase 2b/3 clinical trial with nitazoxanide, 600 mg twice daily for 5 days, in 74 primary care clinics in the USA between Dec 27, 2010, and April 30, 2011 found a reduction in the duration of symptoms in participants with acute uncomplicated influenza… read more

Investigational antivirals

  

Evaluation of a fully human monoclonal antibody against multiple influenza A viral strains in mice and a pandemic H1N1 strain in nonhuman primates

Fully human influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2) specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), Z3G1 significantly protected mice from lethal infection with different viral strains, including amantadine and oseltamivir-resistant strains and sustained O2 saturation and reduced lung pathology in mondays infected with a pandemic H1N1 strain...read more  

An investigational antiviral drug, DAS181, effectively inhibits replication of zoonotic influenza A virus subtype H7N9 and protects mice from lethality

 DAS181 (Fludase), an antiviral drug with sialidase activity, potently inhibited replication of wild-type influenza A(H7N9) and its oseltamivir-resistant R292K variants in mice … read more

Featured research articles

Influenza A virus infection in zebrafish recapitulates mammalian infection and sensitivity to anti-influenza drug treatment

Zebrafish embryos are susceptible to challenge with both influenza A strains APR8 and X-31 (Aichi) showing an increase in viral burden and mortality over time. The expression of innate antiviral genes, the gross pathology and the histopathology in infected zebrafish recapitulate clinical symptoms of influenza infections in humans …read more

 

Avian Influenza A H7N9 Virus Induces Severe Pneumonia in Mice without Prior Adaptation and Responds to a Combination of Zanamivir and COX-2 Inhibitor

H7N9 viruses isolated from chicken without preceding trans-species adaptation can cause lethal mammalian pulmonary infection and administration of the zanamivir did not significantly improve survival in mice infected with CK1, but co-administration of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) celecoxib in combination with zanamivir improved survival and lung pathology …read more

Featured Review Articles

Emerging antiviral resistant strains of influenza A and the potential therapeutic targets within the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex

This review highlights the current state of antiviral resistance in circulating and highly pathogenic influenza A viruses drawing attention to the viral protein activities and interactions that play an indispensable role in the influenza life cycle…read more

 

Antiviral combinations for severe influenza

This review highlights those available data from preclinical and clinical studies of combination antiviral therapy and of combined antiviral-immunomodulator therapy for influenza…read more

prepared by Dr Ding Oh, WHO Collaborating Centre for Influenza, Melbourne







 

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